The Basilica of St Pius X in Lourdes, Underground Masterpiece and Shrine of Fait

Situated at the heart of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, the Basilica of Saint Pius X is one of the most impressive religious buildings in the Marian town. Almost entirely underground, this immense basilica can accommodate around 25,000 pilgrims during major celebrations.

Built to mark the centenary of the apparitions of the Virgin Mary to Saint Bernadette Soubirous, it is distinguished as much by its history and spiritual purpose as by the technical feats required for its construction.

Why is the Basilica of Saint Pius X underground? When was it built? What can you see inside? Why is it named after Pope Pius X? Discover the history, features and treasures of this iconic basilica in Lourdes.

What is the Basilica of Saint Pius X in Lourdes?

The Basilica of Saint Pius X is one of the main basilicas of the Sanctuary of Lourdes. Unlike the other religious buildings visible from the esplanade, it was built underground in order to provide a space large enough to accommodate the crowds of pilgrims.

It is used in particular for major international celebrations, when several thousand worshippers from all over the world gather in Lourdes.

The Basilica of Saint Pius X in figures

• Consecration: 25 March 1958
• Length: approximately 201 metres
• Width: approximately 81 metres
• Area: approximately 12,000 m²
• Capacity: up to approximately 25,000 people
• Shape: elliptical
• Architect: Pierre Vago

Why was a huge underground basilica built in Lourdes?

In the mid-20th century, the number of visitors to the Lourdes pilgrimage increased considerably. The existing buildings were no longer able to accommodate the vast numbers of pilgrims taking part in major celebrations at the same time.

Pierre-Marie Théas, then Bishop of Tarbes and Lourdes, therefore sought to create a vast place of worship capable of accommodating pilgrims and sheltering them, particularly when weather conditions made it difficult to hold celebrations outdoors.

Building beneath the esplanade also made it possible to preserve the sanctuary’s landscape whilst creating a space of exceptional dimensions.

History of the construction of the Basilica of Saint Pius X

The origins of the project

The project took shape in the 1950s with a symbolic aim: to have a new basilica in which to celebrate with due dignity the centenary of the apparitions at Lourdes in 1858.

Work began in 1956. Construction had to be carried out swiftly so that the building could be completed in time for the centenary celebrations.

The consecration on 25 March 1958

The Basilica of Saint Pius X was consecrated on 25 March 1958, in the middle of the centenary year marking the apparitions of the Virgin Mary to Bernadette Soubirous.

The ceremony was presided over by Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, who would become Pope John XXIII a few months later.

Why is the basilica named after Saint Pius X?

The basilica is dedicated to Saint Pius X, Pope from 1903 to 1914, who was canonised in 1954.

Pius X is particularly associated with theEucharist. In particular, he encouraged more frequent reception of Holy Communion and promoted children’s access to First Communion at a younger age.

This Eucharistic dimension takes on its full significance in Lourdes, where grand Masses, processions and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament occupy a central place in the life of the Sanctuary.

Why is the Basilica of Saint Pius X underground?

One of the most astonishing features of the Basilica of Saint Pius X is that it lies beneath the esplanade of the Sanctuary of Lourdes.

This decision made it possible to create a gigantic building without significantly altering the appearance of the Sanctuary. However, it presented a major technical challenge due to the proximity of the Gave de Pau and the presence of groundwater.

The architect Pierre Vago and the engineer Eugène Freyssinet, a specialist in prestressed concrete, were involved in designing a structure capable of withstanding these stresses.

An architectural feat at the heart of Lourdes

A prestressed concrete structure

The construction of St Pius X made extensive use of prestressed concrete, a particularly innovative technique at the time.

This method made it possible to create a vast hall with relatively few pillars, ensuring a clear view of the altar from most parts of the basilica.

A spectacular elliptical shape

The interior of the basilica takes the form of a huge ellipse. Measuring approximately 201 metres in length and 81 metres in width, the building immediately impresses visitors with its sheer scale.

The relatively low ceiling height further accentuates the sense of horizontal immensity. Everything is organised around the central liturgical space so that the many pilgrims can take part in the celebrations together.

How many people can fit inside the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

The Basilica of Saint Pius X can accommodate up to around 25,000 people. This exceptional capacity makes it the Sanctuary’s main venue for certain major celebrations bringing together pilgrims from many countries.

The entrances and interior layout have been designed to facilitate the movement of several thousand people at the same time.

What is there to see inside the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

The architecture of Saint Pius X may appear deliberately understated, but the basilica houses several remarkable works of art and spiritual features.

The stained-glass windows of the Basilica of Saint Pius X

One of the artistic treasures of Saint Pius X consists of its stained-glass works, known as ‘gemmaux’.

Stained glass is an artistic technique based on the layering and assembly of pieces of coloured glass. Light then passes through these different layers, creating particularly intense colours.

The works on display in the basilica depict, in particular, major themes of the Christian faith, the life of the Virgin Mary and that of Saint Bernadette.

The Mysteries of the Rosary

Several depictions in the basilica invite pilgrims to meditate on the mysteries of the Rosary.

This is particularly significant in Lourdes. During the apparitions of 1858, Bernadette Soubirous regularly prayed the Rosary at the Massabielle Grotto.

To further your exploration of this Marian prayer, you may also consult our guide dedicated to the Rosary and the chaplet.

Saints and Blessed

Numerous depictions of saints and blessed figures also surround the pilgrims. They serve as a reminder of the universal nature of the Church and the communion of saints.

Figures from different eras and countries thus illustrate the universality of the Christian message and of the pilgrimages to Lourdes.

The organ of the Basilica of St Pius X

The basilica also has a grand organ which accompanies the main liturgical celebrations. In a space capable of accommodating thousands of worshippers, music and hymns play an essential role in the communal aspect of Masses.

The Pax Christi Chapel

The Pax Christi Chapel is a space dedicated specifically to prayer for peace and reconciliation amongst peoples.

Its name, ‘Pax Christi’, means ‘Peace of Christ’. Relics of saints are kept there and presented for the veneration of pilgrims.

In a sanctuary visited by the faithful from all over the world, this call to pray for peace takes on a particularly powerful significance.

Major Masses in the Basilica of Saint Pius X

Saint Pius X hosts some of the most important celebrations of the Lourdes pilgrimage.

The international Mass is particularly impressive: pilgrims of many nationalities gather to celebrate the same Eucharist, accompanied by hymns and prayers in several languages.

To find out the exact times of Masses and celebrations during your stay, it is advisable to consult the official programme of the Sanctuary of Lourdes, as times may vary depending on the season and the pilgrimages taking place.

The Basilica of Saint Pius X and the floods in Lourdes

Its underground location makes the basilica particularly vulnerable to major flooding of the Gave de Pau.

The floods of June 2013, in particular, left a significant mark on the Sanctuary’s recent history. A major clean-up and restoration operation was subsequently required to enable the basilica to resume its role as a place of worship.

How can you visit the Basilica of St Pius X in Lourdes?

The Basilica of St Pius X is situated directly within the grounds of the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, beneath the main esplanade.

It can be visited as part of a pilgrimage or a tour of the Sanctuary, subject to any celebrations or events taking place at the time of your visit.

How long should you allow for the visit?

A quick tour can take around twenty minutes, but it is best to allow more time if you wish to view the artworks, spend some time in prayer or take part in a service.

Can you attend Mass at Saint Pius X?

Yes. The basilica regularly hosts major services, particularly during the pilgrimage season.

As the programme varies throughout the year, please remember to check the daily timetable with the Sanctuary of Lourdes before your visit.

Is the Basilica of Saint Pius X accessible to people with reduced mobility?

The Sanctuary of Lourdes pays particular attention to welcoming pilgrims who are ill, disabled or have reduced mobility. Facilities have been put in place to ensure access to the major celebrations held at Saint Pius X.

What is the difference between Saint Pius X and the other basilicas in Lourdes?

The Sanctuary of Lourdes comprises several major religious buildings, which should not be confused with one another.

The Basilica of the Immaculate Conception

Also known as the Upper Basilica, it overlooks the Grotto of Massabielle and is one of the Sanctuary’s most instantly recognisable landmarks.

The Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary

Situated beneath the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary is particularly renowned for its mosaics depicting the mysteries of the Rosary.

The Basilica of Saint Pius X

The Basilica of Saint Pius X, meanwhile, is almost entirely underground and much larger. Its main purpose is to accommodate very large gatherings of pilgrims.

What to see after the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

A visit to Saint Pius X fits naturally into a day spent exploring the Sanctuary of Lourdes.

Make the most of your visit to also discover:

• the Massabielle Grotto, the site of the apparitions of 1858;
• the Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary;
• the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception;
• the fountains of the Sanctuary;
• the Way of the Cross;
• the Marian torchlight procession;
• the various sites linked to the life of Saint Bernadette Soubirous.

Why is the Basilica of Saint Pius X such a special place?

The Basilica of Saint Pius X does not seek to impress with richly decorated architecture comparable to that of certain great cathedrals. Its strength lies in another dimension: that of gathering.

When several thousand pilgrims from dozens of countries pray and sing together, the vast underground space takes on its full meaning. The architecture then becomes a true instrument in the service of communion and prayer.

For many visitors, attending a service at Saint Pius X is thus one of the most memorable moments of a pilgrimage to Lourdes.

Prayer to Our Lady of Lourdes and Saint Pius X

O Our Lady of Lourdes,

you who chose the simplicity of Bernadette

to remind the world of the power of prayer,

accompany all those who come to gather in contemplation at your Sanctuary.

Saint Pius X, faithful servant of the Eucharist,

teach us to draw near to Christ

with confidence, humility and love.

In this basilica where so many peoples

gather in the same faith,

we entrust to you our families,

the sick, those who are alone

and all those who are going through trials.

Grant us peace of heart,

strengthen our hope

and teach us to become,

in turn, builders of peace and reconciliation.

Our Lady of Lourdes, pray for us.

Saint Bernadette, pray for us.

Saint Pius X, pray for us.

Amen.

Frequently asked questions about the Basilica of Saint Pius X in Lourdes

Why is the Basilica of Saint Pius X in Lourdes underground?

The Basilica of Saint Pius X was built beneath the esplanade of the Sanctuary in order to create a vast space capable of accommodating thousands of pilgrims without significantly altering the architectural landscape of Lourdes.

When was the Basilica of Saint Pius X built?

Work began in 1956. The basilica was consecrated on 25 March 1958, the centenary year of the apparitions at Lourdes.

How many people can the Basilica of Saint Pius X hold?

The Basilica of St Pius X can accommodate up to around 25,000 people, making it possible to hold some of the largest celebrations at the Sanctuary of Lourdes there.

What are the dimensions of the Basilica of St Pius X?

The basilica is approximately 201 metres long and 81 metres wide. Its floor area is approximately 12,000 m².

Why is the Basilica of Lourdes named after Saint Pius X?

It is dedicated to Pope Saint Pius X, who was canonised in 1954. He is particularly known for encouraging frequent communion and promoting children’s access to the Eucharist.

What can you see inside the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

Visitors can, in particular, admire the gemmail works, the depictions of saints and blessed figures, the large liturgical space, the organ and the Pax Christi Chapel.

What is gemmail?

Gemmail is an artistic technique involving several pieces and layers of coloured glass, which are assembled and then illuminated. The result is reminiscent of stained glass, whilst offering unique effects of depth and light.

Can you attend Mass at the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

Yes. The basilica hosts large Masses and celebrations, particularly during the pilgrimage season. Timetables vary depending on the day and time of year.

Is entry to the Basilica of Saint Pius X free?

Entry to the Sanctuary of Lourdes and its main places of worship is free. However, access to the Basilica of Saint Pius X may be temporarily restricted or limited when a service or major pilgrimage is taking place there.

How long does it take to visit the Basilica of Saint Pius X?

You can explore the basilica in about twenty minutes, but allow more time if you wish to admire the artwork, pray or take part in a service.

What is the difference between the Basilica of St Pius X and the Basilica of the Rosary?

The Basilica of St Pius X is a vast underground basilica designed primarily to accommodate large gatherings. The Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary is situated near the Grotto and is particularly renowned for its mosaics depicting the mysteries of the Rosary.

Is the Basilica of Saint Pius X accessible to people with reduced mobility?

Yes. The Sanctuary of Lourdes places a special emphasis on welcoming people who are unwell or have reduced mobility and has facilities in place to enable them to take part in the main services.

Conclusion: an unmissable landmark on a pilgrimage to Lourdes

The Basilica of Saint Pius X in Lourdes is much more than just a huge underground building. It bears witness to the Sanctuary’s commitment to welcoming pilgrims from all over the world to a single place of faith, prayer and communion.

Its bold architecture, impressive scale, gemmail artworks and the thousands of pilgrims who gather there during major celebrations make it an essential stop on any visit to Lourdes.

After your visit to St Pius X, do also take the time to visit the Grotto of Massabielle, pray the rosary and explore the Sanctuary’s other basilicas.